Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64 / TC4 / Grade 5)¶
Ti-6Al-4V is the workhorse α+β titanium alloy of the aerospace industry — used for airframe structure, fasteners, and gas-turbine fan and compressor parts — valued for its high specific strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance. This dataset models the foreground, cradle-to-ingot life-cycle inventory of producing aerospace-grade Ti-6Al-4V via consumable-electrode vacuum arc remelting (VAR).
The functional unit is 1 kg of VAR-remelted Ti-6Al-4V ingot.
Nominal composition¶
Grade 5 (UNS R56400 / ASTM B348) is nominally 6 wt% aluminium and 4 wt% vanadium, balance titanium, with interstitials controlled to tight limits AZoM, 2012; Boyer et al., 1994.
| Element | Nominal (wt%) | Typical spec range (wt%) |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium (Ti) | 90 (balance) | balance |
| Aluminium (Al) | 6.0 | 5.5 – 6.75 |
| Vanadium (V) | 4.0 | 3.5 – 4.5 |
| Iron (Fe) | — | ≤ 0.25 – 0.40 |
| Oxygen (O) | — | ≤ 0.20 |
The alloy-composition mass fractions used by the welding inventory
(ti_mass_fraction, al_mass_fraction, v_mass_fraction) are held fixed at
these nominal values; see Plasma arc welding.
Key physical & mechanical properties¶
Typical values for annealed Grade 5 material AZoM, 2012; Boyer et al., 1994:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 4430 kg·m⁻³ (4.43 g·cm⁻³) |
| Melting range | ≈ 1604 – 1660 °C |
| β-transus | ≈ 980 °C |
| Young's modulus | ≈ 113.8 GPa |
| Tensile strength (annealed) | ≈ 950 MPa |
| 0.2 % yield strength | ≈ 880 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ≈ 14 % |
| Thermal conductivity | ≈ 6.7 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Specific heat capacity | ≈ 526 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | ≈ 8.6 µm·m⁻¹·°C⁻¹ |
The density (4430 kg·m⁻³) is also a model parameter (ti64_density), used to
convert electrode and ingot geometry to mass in the welding and VAR inventories.